Buddhism, one of the most ancient religions in the world, was based by Gautama Buddha in VI before Christ. However according to the opinion of the Indian historians, Buddhism was created much earlier, approximately in VII B.C.  The base of Buddhism is science about the Four Noble Truths: suffer, reasons and causes of suffer, true end of suffer and deleting its causes and its true ways of recovery.

In its classic variant Buddhism is the philosophy and ethic. The aim of believers –  reach nirvana, the state of bliss insight and be freed from “I”, from weight of the world and unlimited circle of the born and death. Over the humility, generosity, mercy, abstention from violence and self-control you can reach the state of the perfect intellect.

Buddhism is very popular in Tibet, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri-Lanka, Cambodia, Mongolia, Vietnam, Korea, China and Japan. In the territory of Russia Buddhism was spread from Caucasia to Sakhalin. Today it’s the official religion of Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmyk steppe.

Practically in all types of Buddhism there’re monastic orders, monks of which thought as a teachers and priests for laity. But a big number of the directions of Buddhism in our days show a bid difference in faith and religious practice.

Biography of the creator of Buddhism, Buddha is known just by the stories from his followers. In the beginning was passed by word of mouth, this stories were published after the hundreds years after his death.

Gautama Buddha was born in south part of Nepal in a Royal family in a 6th century B.C. and was called Siddhartha. When he was born his parents was told that he will be the Great King, or the teacher of the universe. Shocked father decide that his son must become his heir, made everything to protect his son from violence and any signs. But young man, who always was interest in thinking, tired from idle life goes to religion. In age of 29 he saw four signs which made his destiny. Firstly in his life he saw the old man, then a sick person, he saw the dead man and true placidity in a beggar vagrant monk. This entire people were GODs who take these bodies to help to Siddhartha become a Buddha. One night he leaves the palace and become hermit in a forest. After six years of searching under the direction of a different religious teachers and fully “clear” he reach the limit of the detachment from a world, nirvana – which mean the finish of the suffering. After preach about the release from suffer and getting nirvana, Buddha get a lot followers and create his own monastic order. Gautama Buddha dies in 80year.

Buddha first of all not the God, not the prophet and not the embodiment of God, but the greatest human being, who reach the releasing and true wisdom by his own will, and who become the teacher of Gods and people. Buddha shows for people the way of self safety which he reaches. The most popular definition of the ideal person is the true harmony of wisdom and suffering.

Traditionally Buddhism divides into Mahayana (the great chariot) and Theravada (The doctrine of ancients). In third century B.C. in the general council of Buddhist monks were discovered some disagreements in a viewpoint of Buddhist schools. The teaching accepted and approved in this council take the name Theravada. According to study of Theravada Universe is in a constant difference. All sheer, as a life of every person, versatile. All comes and disappear. In a human is not any stable “I”. Human is the complex of five groups of fickle physical and mental multipliers: body, feelings, perception, mental element and mind, behind which there’s no any invariable and stable essence. More of it person is responsible for his escape and independent from Gods, which help is unnecessary in development to nirvana. Branch of Theravada is popular in Nepal, Tibet, in a part of Japan and Russia (Buryatia, Tuva). Philosophy of Mahayana was created approximately in a 2 century A.D. The main difference of Mahayana is the willing to save all the life which means the great love for them.

The teaching of Buddha was different in its profundity and high moral. Buddha is shows new way in escaping from worldly suffers, and call it “Four Noble Truths”.

First one is the truth of suffer. According which suffer is usual for life and happens in everything in it (burn, illness, oldness, failure).

Second truth shows the reason of suffer which take beginning in passion and get to new life.

Third truth is the truth about the finish of suffers after gradual escaping from all desire.

The truth of way which lead to finish of suffers is fourth. For making desire disappear person should made the “8 level way for fidelity” – to have the right view (understanding of “Four Noble Truths”), right way of mind (escaping from lust, evil will, violence and unrighteousness), the right speech (avoidance from lie, spreading the gossips, roundness and idle talk), right action (abstention from: killing, theft and dissipation), right way of life (choosing that way of life which didn’t harm nothing), right concentration (concentrating in meditation for getting the ecstatic state), right attention (observing for state of body, feelings, mind and objects).

The teaching about “Escaping in everything” which was invented by Buddha and passed across the generation in an old language Pali(Indian dialect) called Dhama. And the community which was created by Buddha called Sangha still exist in its first model in Burma, Siam, Cambodia and Laos. Sangha is one of the oldest monastic orders in the world and supply with everything needed people who really want to devote his life to nirvana. Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha are called “Three treasures”. For Buddhist they’re the most important in the world. To become a Buddhist person accept them as an aim in his life and thrice spell:

I take refuge in Buddha,

I take refuge in Dhamma,

I take refuge in Sangha.

The teaching of Buddha is different in its base, inner escape by the help of mind, right behavior and spiritual discipline. Any action is predetermined by cause or complex of causes, after which become the cause of its own consequence. So everyone get what he reaches. Good deals get to good result bad to bad.

One form of Buddhism which spread in Tibet region of Chine, Mongolia and some Himalayan small kingdoms called Lamaism.

In Zabaikalye Buddhism comes in 18-19centures (one of the opinions is nomads bring it). With Buddhism in the territory of Buryatia spread the results of Tibet and Mongolian cultures. Wes invented Tibet medicine schools. In 1741 Empress Elisabeth Petrovna make an edict by which in Buryatia was accepted the lamaists faith and proved 11 datsans. The spreading of the Lamaism become a cause of destroying the official religion of buryats – shamanism. Gods which was accepted by buryats was equated by Buddha Gods. Shamans were called in different, Tibet type. But after October revolution become a fight against Buddhism. Big number of dotsans was closed. Slow recovering of them starts in 50th years of the past century. In our days in many regions of Buryatia is continue the building of a new dotsans.